Reflections and Insights on the Evolution of the Biological Remediation of Contaminated Soils

The field of soil biological remediation was initially focused on the use microorganisms. For organic contaminants, biostimulation and bioaugmentation were strategies choice. heavy metals, bioremediation centered feasibility using microorganisms to reduce metal toxicity. Partly due impossibility degrade phytoremediation emerged proposing plants extract them (phytoextraction) or their bioavailability (phytostabilization). Later, microbial-assisted addressed inoculation plant growth-promoting improve efficiency. Similarly, plant-assisted examined stimulatory effect growth microbial degradation contaminants. combination is nowadays often recommended for mixed contaminated soils. Finally, phytomanagement as a phytotechnology associated decrease contaminant linkages, maximize ecosystem services, provide economic revenues. Although methods have been in decades, truth that they not yet yielded expected results. Here, we claim much more research needed make most many ways evolutionary developed access contaminants better understand networks responsible, great extent, functioning.